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Learn more about early diagnosis and screening

Looking at Amelie’s medical history, you can see that she has had a stable serum creatinine of 0.9 mg/dl and an eGFR 51ml/min/1.72m² over the past 6 months.

Learn more about the treatment and management of CKD and comorbid conditions

Now you have screened and diagnosed our virtual patient Amelie. Continue on to our treating chronic kidney disease section to find our second virtual patient Thomas who has progressive CKD.

Abbreviations

ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COX, cyclooxygenase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HT, hypertension; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; WHO, World Health Organisation. Amelie is a theoretical patient case adapted from existing case studies for educational purposes only^9,10. ^*The fixed dose combination product of lisinopril, an inhibitor of ACE, and hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, are indicated for primary hypertension¹¹; ^†Naproxen is a non-selective COX inhibitor and NSAID indicated for the treatment of osteoarthritis and acute gout¹².

Learn more about the management of ESRD, guidelines, and future treatments

Following the administration of dapagliflozin, Thomas is no longer showing signs of CKD progression and his blood pressure remains well controlled. However, if Thomas’ CKD were to progress, challenges could arise in the management of his disease.

Abbreviations

ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CREDENCE, Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DAPA-CKD, Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD); DPP4, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EMA, European Medicines Agency; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; FDA, Federal Drug Administration; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonists; HT, hypertension; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; RASi, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors; SGLT2i, sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thomas is a theoretical patient case adapted from existing case studies for educational purposes only^9,10.

AFTER you have explored the Chronic Kidney Disease Learning Zone on Medthority.com, please share with us what you now understand about CKD diagnosis and management. Thank you.